How To Read Newspaper For Current Affairs(CSS-EXAM)

Pakistan’s recurring energy crisis stems not simply from insufficient generation capacity but from circular debt, imported-fuel dependence, transmission losses, electricity theft, weak governance and policy inconsistency. This article examines the historical roots of the crisis, its economic consequences and short- and long-term reforms required to restore energy security.

Sri Lanka’s economic collapse rapidly transformed into a political crisis marked by inflation, fuel shortages, depleted foreign-exchange reserves, debt distress and mass protests in Colombo. This article examines the major causes of the Sri Lankan crisis, the fall of the Rajapaksa political establishment, similarities with Pakistan’s economic vulnerabilities and key lessons for Islamabad.

Montesquieu’s doctrine of separation of powers divides state authority among the legislature, executive and judiciary to prevent concentration of power. This article examines the doctrine in the United States and Pakistan, judicial review, institutional overlap, the influence of bureaucracy, media and advisory bodies, and the need for clearer constitutional boundaries among state organs.