Montesquieu’s doctrine of separation of powers divides state authority among the legislature, executive and judiciary to prevent concentration of power. This article examines the doctrine in the United States and Pakistan, judicial review, institutional overlap, the influence of bureaucracy, media and advisory bodies, and the need for clearer constitutional boundaries among state organs.Read More

Constitutional Crisis Pakistan, Constitution of Pakistan 1973, Article 5, Article 58, Article 95, Article 63A, Article 69, No Confidence Motion Pakistan, Supreme Court Pakistan, Doctrine of Necessity, Imran Khan No Confidence Motion, Qasim Suri Ruling, Political Instability Pakistan, Constitutional History Pakistan, Judiciary Pakistan, CSS Pakistan AffairsRead More

Civil-military relations are a key indicator of democratic quality and institutional balance. This article applies the ideas of Samuel Huntington and Morris Janowitz to Pakistan, examines the country’s colonial legacy and causes of military intervention, and discusses lessons from Turkey for strengthening civilian supremacy and democratic governance.Read More

The Russia-Ukraine war has become a major geopolitical rupture, reshaping NATO-Russia relations, accelerating great-power competition, disrupting energy and food markets, and intensifying inflation worldwide. This article examines the historical context of the conflict, its strategic and economic consequences, and its implications for Pakistan’s foreign, energy and economic security.Read More

Afghanistan’s political future has direct implications for the security, connectivity and economic stability of South Asia. This article examines the Taliban’s return to power, Afghanistan’s humanitarian and security crises, regional connectivity, terrorism, narcotics, bilateral relations and Pakistan’s role in promoting stability.Read More

The US-led War on Terror began after the September 11 attacks with the objectives of defeating transnational terrorist organisations, denying them safe havens and protecting the United States. This article examines why the campaign in Afghanistan ultimately failed, focusing on strategic confusion, overreliance on military force, weak state-building, declining public support, flawed regional policies and...Read More

Hybrid warfare combines military and non-military tools such as cyber attacks, propaganda, proxies, economic pressure, terrorism, information operations and diplomatic coercion. This article examines its relevance to Pakistan, the vulnerabilities it exploits, its political, economic and social implications, and Pakistan’s response to this evolving security challenge.Read More

The article critically examines the rise of Hindutva politics in India and its implications for secularism and minority rights. It discusses the BJP-RSS ideological relationship, communal violence, cow-protection laws, the Citizenship Amendment Act, hijab restrictions, Kashmir, and contrasts these developments with constitutional protections and selected minority-rights initiatives in Pakistan.Read More

Pakistan’s Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 was introduced to protect a historically marginalised community from discrimination and to secure rights relating to identity, education, employment, healthcare, inheritance and public participation. The article also reviews major criticisms concerning terminology, self-perceived gender identity, implementation gaps, penal provisions and social acceptance.Read More

Pakistan’s political polarization has deepened divisions across society, institutions and the economy. This article examines elite confrontation, constitutional crises, misinformation, institutional tensions and the wider costs for national integration, governance, economic stability and Pakistan’s international standing.Read More