Pakistan’s Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 was introduced to protect a historically marginalised community from discrimination and to secure rights relating to identity, education, employment, healthcare, inheritance and public participation. The article also reviews major criticisms concerning terminology, self-perceived gender identity, implementation gaps, penal provisions and social acceptance.Read More

Pakistan’s political polarization has deepened divisions across society, institutions and the economy. This article examines elite confrontation, constitutional crises, misinformation, institutional tensions and the wider costs for national integration, governance, economic stability and Pakistan’s international standing.Read More

Political and economic instability has slowed Pakistan’s ability to fully realise CPEC’s potential, particularly its second phase focused on industrialisation, Special Economic Zones, agriculture and technology. The article examines how policy inconsistency, security risks, bureaucratic hurdles, weak investor confidence and political uncertainty affect CPEC and Pakistan-China relations.Read More

Climate change has emerged as a serious threat to Pakistan through extreme heat, floods, glacial melt, water scarcity and agricultural disruption. The article critically examines Pakistan’s climate vulnerability, national initiatives such as the National Climate Change Policy and Ten Billion Tree Tsunami, and its diplomatic role at COP26 and COP27.Read More

Pakistan’s 2022 floods exposed the country’s deep climate vulnerability and serious gaps in disaster preparedness, urban planning, institutional coordination and financing. This article examines the scale of the disaster, Pakistan’s climate risks, shortcomings in national response mechanisms and a comprehensive framework for strengthening resilience.Read More

Pakistan and Sri Lanka have faced several overlapping economic pressures, including external debt, declining foreign-exchange reserves, currency depreciation, high inflation, balance-of-payments difficulties, political instability and the effects of COVID-19 and global commodity shocks. This comparative assessment examines the similarities, differences and policy lessons Pakistan can draw from Sri Lanka’s crisis.Read More

Pakistan’s foreign policy has increasingly sought to balance strategic relations with major powers while expanding economic diplomacy across the Middle East, Central Asia, East Asia and Africa. The article examines Pakistan’s engagement with global actors, its FATF exit, COP27 diplomacy, geo-economic orientation and attempts to rebuild relations with the United States.Read More

Delays in registering a First Information Report (FIR) can undermine criminal investigations, weaken evidence, obstruct access to justice and reduce public confidence in Pakistan’s criminal justice system. This article by Ms. Sania Saleem examines the legal framework governing FIR registration, the causes of delay, relevant judicial precedents, available remedies and necessary reforms.Read More

India and Pakistan have developed distinct nuclear doctrines shaped by historical rivalries, conventional military asymmetry and regional security concerns. This comparative analysis examines India's No First Use policy, Pakistan's Full Spectrum Deterrence, nuclear escalation, arms competition, the Russia-Ukraine war and the challenges facing strategic stability in South Asia. PastRead More

The International Conference on Climate Resilient Pakistan, held in Geneva on 9 January 2023, focused on rebuilding after the devastating 2022 floods, launching Pakistan’s Resilient Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Framework (4RF), and mobilising international financial support for climate-resilient recovery. Official assessments placed flood damages above $14.9 billion, economic losses around $15.2 billion, and resilient reconstruction...Read More