The US-led War on Terror began after the September 11 attacks with the objectives of defeating transnational terrorist organisations, denying them safe havens and protecting the United States. This article examines why the campaign in Afghanistan ultimately failed, focusing on strategic confusion, overreliance on military force, weak state-building, declining public support, flawed regional policies and...Read More

The shift from “America First” to “America’s First” captures a deeper transformation in U.S. power rhetoric—from prioritizing national interests toward a more transactional and possessive approach to alliances, trade, security and global influence.Read More

The United States’ withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, WHO and UNFPA reflects a broader shift from multilateral cooperation toward an America First, state-centric foreign policy. This article examines its implications for climate governance, global health, international institutions and the future of the liberal international order.Read More