China’s expanding economic presence is adding a new dimension to the Middle East’s long-running power competition. This article examines the Saudi-Iran rivalry, strategic importance of Gulf energy and trade routes, China’s growing investments under the Belt and Road Initiative, the relative US pullback, and Pakistan’s...Read More
The global order is gradually moving away from post-Cold War unipolarity as China and Russia gain influence, alternative institutions emerge, the Indo-Pacific becomes more contested and economic power becomes increasingly dispersed. This article examines the decline of US hegemony, the rise of multiple power centres,...Read More
AUKUS marks a major shift in Indo-Pacific geopolitics by deepening defence cooperation among Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. This article examines the pact’s strategic significance, nuclear-powered submarines, China’s response, France’s anger, implications for the EU, Australia-China relations, Five Eyes and the wider...Read More
Russia has transformed oil, natural gas, pipelines and energy exports into powerful instruments of foreign policy. This article examines Moscow’s vast energy resources, Gazprom and other state-linked companies, pipeline diplomacy, ruble payment demands, Europe’s dependence on Russian gas, sanctions and the wider shift from ideological...Read More
Pakistan’s recurring energy crisis stems not simply from insufficient generation capacity but from circular debt, imported-fuel dependence, transmission losses, electricity theft, weak governance and policy inconsistency. This article examines the historical roots of the crisis, its economic consequences and short- and long-term reforms required to...Read More
