Civil-military relations are a key indicator of democratic quality and institutional balance. This article applies the ideas of Samuel Huntington and Morris Janowitz to Pakistan, examines the country’s colonial legacy and causes of military intervention, and discusses lessons from Turkey for strengthening civilian supremacy and...Read More
The Russia-Ukraine war has become a major geopolitical rupture, reshaping NATO-Russia relations, accelerating great-power competition, disrupting energy and food markets, and intensifying inflation worldwide. This article examines the historical context of the conflict, its strategic and economic consequences, and its implications for Pakistan’s foreign, energy...Read More
Afghanistan’s political future has direct implications for the security, connectivity and economic stability of South Asia. This article examines the Taliban’s return to power, Afghanistan’s humanitarian and security crises, regional connectivity, terrorism, narcotics, bilateral relations and Pakistan’s role in promoting stability.Read More
The US-led War on Terror began after the September 11 attacks with the objectives of defeating transnational terrorist organisations, denying them safe havens and protecting the United States. This article examines why the campaign in Afghanistan ultimately failed, focusing on strategic confusion, overreliance on military...Read More
Hybrid warfare combines military and non-military tools such as cyber attacks, propaganda, proxies, economic pressure, terrorism, information operations and diplomatic coercion. This article examines its relevance to Pakistan, the vulnerabilities it exploits, its political, economic and social implications, and Pakistan’s response to this evolving security...Read More
