Pakistan’s 2022 floods exposed the country’s deep climate vulnerability and serious gaps in disaster preparedness, urban planning, institutional coordination and financing. This article examines the scale of the disaster, Pakistan’s climate risks, shortcomings in national response mechanisms and a comprehensive framework for strengthening resilience.Read More
Pakistan and Sri Lanka have faced several overlapping economic pressures, including external debt, declining foreign-exchange reserves, currency depreciation, high inflation, balance-of-payments difficulties, political instability and the effects of COVID-19 and global commodity shocks. This comparative assessment examines the similarities, differences and policy lessons Pakistan can...Read More
Pakistan’s foreign policy has increasingly sought to balance strategic relations with major powers while expanding economic diplomacy across the Middle East, Central Asia, East Asia and Africa. The article examines Pakistan’s engagement with global actors, its FATF exit, COP27 diplomacy, geo-economic orientation and attempts to...Read More
Delays in registering a First Information Report (FIR) can undermine criminal investigations, weaken evidence, obstruct access to justice and reduce public confidence in Pakistan’s criminal justice system. This article by Ms. Sania Saleem examines the legal framework governing FIR registration, the causes of delay, relevant...Read More
India and Pakistan have developed distinct nuclear doctrines shaped by historical rivalries, conventional military asymmetry and regional security concerns. This comparative analysis examines India's No First Use policy, Pakistan's Full Spectrum Deterrence, nuclear escalation, arms competition, the Russia-Ukraine war and the challenges facing strategic stability...Read More
