Hybrid warfare combines military and non-military tools such as cyber attacks, propaganda, proxies, economic pressure, terrorism, information operations and diplomatic coercion. This article examines its relevance to Pakistan, the vulnerabilities it exploits, its political, economic and social implications, and Pakistan’s response to this evolving security challenge.Read More

Terrorism has evolved from conventional violence into a multidimensional threat involving cyber warfare, information manipulation, criminal networks and political instability. This article examines its changing manifestations and the revival and expansion of the TTP as a complex security challenge for Pakistan.Read More