Civil-military relations are a key indicator of democratic quality and institutional balance. This article applies the ideas of Samuel Huntington and Morris Janowitz to Pakistan, examines the country’s colonial legacy and causes of military intervention, and discusses lessons from Turkey for strengthening civilian supremacy and democratic governance.Read More

Turkey’s 2023 elections offer important lessons for Pakistan on electoral integrity, democratic continuity and institutional trust. Explore how credible elections, political leadership and respect for constitutional rules can strengthen democracy.Read More

The debate over new provinces in Pakistan raises critical questions about governance, representation, ethnic identity, resource distribution and federalism. This article examines the historical demands for new provinces, constitutional requirements under Article 239, key administrative and economic challenges, and whether stronger local governments under Article 140-A could provide a more effective alternative.Read More