Montesquieu’s doctrine of separation of powers divides state authority among the legislature, executive and judiciary to prevent concentration of power. This article examines the doctrine in the United States and Pakistan, judicial review, institutional overlap, the influence of bureaucracy, media and advisory bodies, and the need for clearer constitutional boundaries among state organs.Read More

Constitutional Crisis Pakistan, Constitution of Pakistan 1973, Article 5, Article 58, Article 95, Article 63A, Article 69, No Confidence Motion Pakistan, Supreme Court Pakistan, Doctrine of Necessity, Imran Khan No Confidence Motion, Qasim Suri Ruling, Political Instability Pakistan, Constitutional History Pakistan, Judiciary Pakistan, CSS Pakistan AffairsRead More

Civil-military relations are a key indicator of democratic quality and institutional balance. This article applies the ideas of Samuel Huntington and Morris Janowitz to Pakistan, examines the country’s colonial legacy and causes of military intervention, and discusses lessons from Turkey for strengthening civilian supremacy and democratic governance.Read More

Afghanistan’s political future has direct implications for the security, connectivity and economic stability of South Asia. This article examines the Taliban’s return to power, Afghanistan’s humanitarian and security crises, regional connectivity, terrorism, narcotics, bilateral relations and Pakistan’s role in promoting stability.Read More

Hybrid warfare combines military and non-military tools such as cyber attacks, propaganda, proxies, economic pressure, terrorism, information operations and diplomatic coercion. This article examines its relevance to Pakistan, the vulnerabilities it exploits, its political, economic and social implications, and Pakistan’s response to this evolving security challenge.Read More

Pakistan’s Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 was introduced to protect a historically marginalised community from discrimination and to secure rights relating to identity, education, employment, healthcare, inheritance and public participation. The article also reviews major criticisms concerning terminology, self-perceived gender identity, implementation gaps, penal provisions and social acceptance.Read More

Pakistan’s political polarization has deepened divisions across society, institutions and the economy. This article examines elite confrontation, constitutional crises, misinformation, institutional tensions and the wider costs for national integration, governance, economic stability and Pakistan’s international standing.Read More

Climate change has emerged as a serious threat to Pakistan through extreme heat, floods, glacial melt, water scarcity and agricultural disruption. The article critically examines Pakistan’s climate vulnerability, national initiatives such as the National Climate Change Policy and Ten Billion Tree Tsunami, and its diplomatic role at COP26 and COP27.Read More

Pakistan’s 2022 floods exposed the country’s deep climate vulnerability and serious gaps in disaster preparedness, urban planning, institutional coordination and financing. This article examines the scale of the disaster, Pakistan’s climate risks, shortcomings in national response mechanisms and a comprehensive framework for strengthening resilience.Read More

Pakistan and Sri Lanka have faced several overlapping economic pressures, including external debt, declining foreign-exchange reserves, currency depreciation, high inflation, balance-of-payments difficulties, political instability and the effects of COVID-19 and global commodity shocks. This comparative assessment examines the similarities, differences and policy lessons Pakistan can draw from Sri Lanka’s crisis.Read More