Electoral reforms remain central to strengthening democracy and public confidence in Pakistan. This article examines Pakistan’s electoral system and history, proposed amendments to the Elections Act 2017, electronic voting machines, overseas voting, inclusion of marginalized groups, weaknesses of manual voting, ECP objections and the need for consensus-based reform.Read More
China’s expanding economic presence is adding a new dimension to the Middle East’s long-running power competition. This article examines the Saudi-Iran rivalry, strategic importance of Gulf energy and trade routes, China’s growing investments under the Belt and Road Initiative, the relative US pullback, and Pakistan’s potential role as a gateway connecting China with the energy-rich Middle...Read More
The global order is gradually moving away from post-Cold War unipolarity as China and Russia gain influence, alternative institutions emerge, the Indo-Pacific becomes more contested and economic power becomes increasingly dispersed. This article examines the decline of US hegemony, the rise of multiple power centres, BRI-B3W competition, nationalism, slowbalization and Pakistan’s place in an emerging multipolar...Read More
AUKUS marks a major shift in Indo-Pacific geopolitics by deepening defence cooperation among Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. This article examines the pact’s strategic significance, nuclear-powered submarines, China’s response, France’s anger, implications for the EU, Australia-China relations, Five Eyes and the wider balance of power in Asia. Pasted text(20261103-114940)Read More
Russia has transformed oil, natural gas, pipelines and energy exports into powerful instruments of foreign policy. This article examines Moscow’s vast energy resources, Gazprom and other state-linked companies, pipeline diplomacy, ruble payment demands, Europe’s dependence on Russian gas, sanctions and the wider shift from ideological influence to the weaponization of energy.Read More
